Research Animal Anaesthesia Solutions

Ensuring excellent staff safety, low environmental contamination and optimal biosecurity

Darvall manufactures and supplies simple and predictable research animal anaesthesia solutions, ensuring excellent staff safety, low environmental contamination and optimal biosecurity.

Darvall has 15 years’ experience of supplying research animal facilities with anaesthesia equipment in Australia and around the world. Head of Engineering, James Dunlop BS, has assisted many institutes and facilities in setting up new systems and troubleshooting existing set ups. We supply equipment for anaesthesia induction, maintenance and managing hypothermia, all with a focus on welfare and safety. Users of Darvall equipment find that staff training is simplified, leading to standardised procedures, high efficiency set-up and induction, optimised quality assurance, reduced mortality, and reduced hypothermia.

Darvall Research Animal Anaesthesia Solution deliver our four imperatives: animal safety and welfare; environmental protection & sustainability; operational efficiency & operator safety along with cost effectiveness.

Darvall equipment is specifically designed for small animals, enabling the benefits of low-flow anaesthesia in a research setting. Our vaporisers operate twice as accurately as competitors at low fresh gas flows. The 10-year service interval reduces cost and biosecurity risks. When used with the Darvall Stingray absorber, consumption of anaesthetic gas is reduced by 90%, with associated cost savings & significantly reduced environmental contamination, along with greatly improved operator safety. Innovations of the Stinger Research anaesthetic machine allow simultaneous use in two circuits, or up to five face masks using the Darvall ZDS 5-gang manifold and ZDS face masks. The Heated ZDS Qube combats anaesthetic hypothermia in the smallest animals.

Challenges in Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia

Laboratory animal environments often face multiple changes as they strive or safe, efficient, predictable and repeatable anaesthesia whilst always being cognisant of the welfare of animals and the staff that care for them. Add to this, major considerations about the impact of anaesthetic gasses on the environment, and the situation can become complex. Some of the issues that present themselves are:

  • Waste gas contamination of the workplace – high flows & leaks.
  • Excessive atmospheric pollution relative to tiny animal size.
  • High anaesthetic agent and oxygen consumption; high cost.
  • Long, uncontrolled inductions increase WAG exposure.
  • Inefficient anaesthetic machine:animal ratio; there is a need for better equipment.
  • Time wasted setting up small animal anaesthesia equipment that is not designed for such use.
  • Unpredictable anaesthesia leading to morbidity & mortality, or inadequate depth with resulting in animal welfare, cost & time inefficiancies.
  • Biosecurity with equipment: between animals & facilities
  • Hypothermia increases mortality, prolongs anaesthesia recovery & alters experimental results.
  • Repeatability of techniques –
  • QA: computerized systems, data acquisition, display & recording automated anaesthesia with problem recognition/management

Some innovative solutions have been implemented which have had unforeseen consequences:

  • Waste Anaesthetic Gas (WAG) removal via suction has improved safety for staff, but…
    Excessive suction removes anaesthetic gasses leading to unpredictable depth. Animals that wake up experience pain; a welfare issue.
  • High gas flows compensate for WAG suction, but…
    This increases cost of consumables and leads to environmental contamination. Rodent anaesthetic agent and O2 usage is very high relative to animal size.
  • Newer “faster” anaesthetics are effective, but…
    Result in unpredictable depth, rapid “wake-up” after induction; loss of desirable effects e.g. methoxyflurane analgesia.
  • Euthanasia with CO2 has advantages, but…
    What are the occupational health considerations, how costly and how efficient?

Darvall Products

Darvall Stinger Research Veterinary Anaesthesia Systems

The Darvall Stinger Research System is the product of 20 years of research, development and veterinary experience in anaesthesia in research situations. One system brings numerous advantages:

  • Single system for all animals
  • Low flow anaesthesia with ten-fold saving in costs.
  • Solve hypothermia using heated breathing systems.
  • Limit WAG contamination for improved operator safety from low flow and sealed masks diaphragms.
  • Simplify training, set-up, SOPs & maintenance.
  • Environmentally Sustainable – low flows reduces emissions ten-fold.
  • Sevoflurane reduces greenhouse footprint.

 

The Darvall Research Stinger is a highly versatile system allowing:

  • 3-way switch selects circuit option.
  • Secondary flowmeter permits simultaneous delivery of two anaesthetic concentrations.
  • Stand alone, bench or wall-mounted versions available.

ZDS 5-station Manifold

ZDS 5-station Manifold with ZDS Qube masks allows one vaporiser to deliver anaesthesia for up to 5 animals simultaneously, via face masks. Used for rapid procedures. Can use with all ZDS Qube Masks

ZDS 5-station Manifold with ZDS Qubes allows a single vaporiser to deliver anaesthesia for up to 5 animals simultaneously. This allows up to 1.0 M of working space between animals.

Darvall ZDS Face Mask System

The patented Darvall ZDS (Zero Dead Space) face mask system overcomes the problems of older very small patient anaesthesia mask systems. ZDS masks use innovative uni-directional gas flow which eliminates the mask dead space, so prevents rebreathing of CO2 and provides very predictable delivery of anaesthetic gas to the animal’s nose. Fresh gas flows as low as 200 ml/kg/min. deliver stable anaesthesia with rapid response to changes in vaporiser settings (typically in 2 to 3 breaths). The ZDS Qube has interchangeable masks with soft diaphragms designed to seal on the nose of birds, reptiles, rabbits, rodents and exotics of all sizes which eliminates occupational waste gas pollution to the working environment. Because the mask system is sealed, the fresh anaesthetic and oxygen gas flow (200 ml/kg/min) flushes the expired breath containing CO2 out into the waste gas system.

Darvall’s heated ZDS Qube provides a totally new solution to hypothermia in these very small patients by delivering warm inspired gas to the animal’s nose. The system incorporates animal and Qube temperature monitoring, providing closed loop feedback. There is computerised data acquisition capability via USB for display and record keeping. 

  • Zero dead space (ZDS) mask’s uni-directional flow design delivers gas direct to animal’s nostril & prevents rebreathing.
  • Masks have sealed diaphragms so no WAG leakage.
  • Ideal & well tolerated for rodent mask inductions.


Anatomic face masks are well tolerated by rodents, providing faster inductions with reduced WAG pollution and lower cost. Conscious rodents are happy to place their nose in a comfortable nose cone.

Darvall ZDS Qube

The Darvall ZDS Qube is a versatile tool for all small animal anaesthesia. The circuit can easily fit most anaesthetic machines.

  • Sealed Diaphragm” Face Mask technology.
  • Less WAG leads to less occupational exposure & environmental pollution.
  • Predictable & reliable anaesthesia.
  • Stable – weighs 0.5kg.
  • Hoses secured and fixed.
  • Eccentric mask aperture gives various animal “stage” heights.
  • Wide ranges of masks & diaphragms to suit all animals and procedures.
  • Bio-Safe – autoclavable interchangeable face masks & diaphragms.
  • Cost effective.
  • Prevent hypothermia with heated ZDS Qube.


Positive pressure ventilation is simple and easy with ZDS Qubes and Darvall Ventilator.

Darvall Heated ZDS Qube

Combat anaesthetic hypothermia in small animals. Traditional non-rebreathing systems deliver cold, dry gas.

  • Warms inspired gas to 460 Heats nose as well as the inspired gas from the very first breath.
  • Can increase humidification by continuous injection of water or saline upstream from the Qube.
  • Heated Qube vaporizes water droplets immediately.
  • Specific small animal rectal temperature probe provides closed-loop feedback.
  • Controls warming to 41.50C

 

Darvall Heated Qube interacts with computer systems to deliver data display and anaesthesia record.

  • Microprocessor Controller & USB Computer Interface.
  • Digital Temp Data Logging.
  • Monitor with Graphic Display.
  • Animal & Procedure Data.
  • Anaesthetic Drug Record.
  • Continuous Record – Animal & Qube.
  • Set hi/low temperature limits.
  • Rapid Data Entry – “F” Key Protocol.
  • Quality Assured Research.
  • Better Welfare.
  • Remote Upgradeability of Microprocessor Software.
  • Problem recognition.

Darvall Induction Chambers

Non-sealing induction chambers require active suction removes anaesthetic gas from the chamber.

This results in a longer period for induction, requires higher fresh gas flows to balance suction, with added cost and occupational WAG & environmental pollution.

Darvall Induction Chambers Sealed induction chambers matched to animal size result in faster, lower stress inductions with less environmental WAG pollution. Darvall provide three sizes of induction chamber to suit all small animal sizes:

  • Large (19L) – Rabbits and cats.
  • Small (6L) –
  • Extra-small (1.2L) – Mice.

 

Darvall induction chamber are sealed, preventing any gas leakage. This leads to faster inductions and prevents WAG leakage, with benefits for the environment and staff. Built from a one-piece moulded base, the small chamber features an easy-access port. The moulded construction is easy to clean. There is a simple anaesthetic machine connection and WAG port to allow rapid flush out. The chambers can also be used for humane euthanasia.

Darvall DVM Vaporiser

The Darvall DVM Isoflurane Vaporiser is designed for small animal anaesthesia.

  • Minimum operating gas flow is 200ml/min, which is 2.5x lower than all other vaporisers, reducing waste anaesthetic gasses and costs.
  • Ergonomic, top-mount, precision movement dial with a vertical calibration scale with large white on black numbers clearly visible from 2 metres.
  • Innovative, integrated, valved fill port block for quick, simple and safe filling.
  • Vertical fluid gauge incorporated into the front of the fill port block is easy to see with clear markings, to avoid “running on empty”.
  • Large capacity sump holds 250mL (one bottle) of isoflurane, reducing risk of “running on empty” refills during surgery, refill frequency and potential spillage.
  • Advanced aerospace engineering, excellence in build, calibration, and light 3.5kg weight. Critical components are brass, critical protective coatings are ceramic or chrome.
  • Performance is +/- 10% of the dial setting, making it twice as accurate as human vaporisers at typical low veterinary gas flows.
  • Leak-proof at 250mmHg.
  • Ten-year service interval to minimise down time, cost and environmental waste.


The new DVM Sevoflurane vaporiser has been developed with the same specifications and tolerance, making it an industry leader in veterinary and human anaesthesia.

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